OED Leaks: READING AND WRITING (ENGL-112)

READING AND WRITING (ENGL-112)

WEEK 1-20

This is the stage where you polish the order of your ideas and filter the information needed to get your point across and correct any mechanical errors.

The correct answer is: Revising

This refers to the set of basic questions that can start the exploration of your topic.

The correct answer is: journalists' questions

This stage in the writing process narrows your topic into the most important and relevant.

The correct answer is: Pre-writing

Which of the following statements is not true?

The correct answer is: You must start thinking about writing a completely unfamiliar topic and explore it along the way.

True or False: Output is important, but an effective written work is still valued.

The correct answer is: True

Learning activity 2. reading and writing.

Arrange the following sentences to form a comprehensive paragraph.

1.Guerrilla movements can exist only when they have some support from the people in their area of operations

2.The greater the support the more effective the guerrillas become

3.This is because in all lands where a strong, ideologically motivated guerrilla force looks in struggle with the government, ultimate victory goes to the side which succeeds in rallying people

4.Conversely, when the people deny or withdraw their support, the guerrilla lose their ability to disengage, disappear and exist and shortly are down and wipe out

5.The decisive factor in the twilight war in South Vietnam is the support of the rural masses

Read the following jumbled paragraph and answer the succeeding question:

(A) For the first time however, the waters of Laguna de Bay are serving a new and different purpose. (B) Today, these lands can be planted to palay during off-season. (C) They are being harnessed to water rice field along the shores which are idle during the dry season. (D) Fish abound in its waters and its shores have been favorable breeding ground for ducks. (E) Laguna de Bay has, for centuries, been a major source of livelihood for people living along its shores.

Which is the most fitting 4th sentence for the given paragraph?

The correct answer is: B

(A) Gone with the Wind is not just Scarlett O’Hara’s story; it is also the story of another remarkable woman, Melanie Wilkes. (B) The author describes Melanie as having “the face” of a sheltered child who had never known anything but simplicity and kindness, truth and love, a child who had never looked upon harshness or evil, and would not have recognized them if she saw them.” (C) Strangely enough, the qualities that weakened Melanie in Scarlett’s eyes—loyalty, naivete, and simplicity—actually proved to make Melanie a strong person.

The correct answer is: C

Read the following jumbled paragraph and answer the succeeding question.

(A) Guerrilla movements can exist only when they have some support from the people in their area of operations. (B) This is because in all lands where a strong, ideologically motivated guerrilla force looks in struggle with the government, ultimate victory goes to the side which succeeds in rallying people. (C) Conversely, when the people deny or withdraw their support, the guerrilla lose their ability to disengage, disappear and exist and shortly are down and wipe out. (D) The decisive factor in the twilight war in South Vietnam is the support of the rural masses. (E) The greater the support the more effective the guerrillas become.

Which is the fitting 3rd sentence in the paragraph?

The correct answer is: B

Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. __________, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas.

The correct answer is: However

Learning Activity 3. Reading and Writing..

Read the following narrative essay:

Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate. He was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say. When someone would ask him how he was doing, he would reply, "If I were any better, I would be twins!" He was a unique manager because he had several waiters who had followed him around from restaurant to restaurant. The reason the waiters followed Jerry was because of his attitude. He was a natural motivator. If an employee was having a bad day, Jerry was there telling the employee how to look on the positive side of the situation.”

The writer presented what point of view?

The correct answer is: Second person

Read the following narrative essay:

I can remember my first ascension to a mountain top well. It happened about three years ago, when it was autumn, and the weather in the mountains was gloomy. My friends offered me to travel to the western Carpathian Mountains, and after a short period of hesitation, I accepted their invitation. There was nothing much to do for me at the time, so I thought a change of surrounding would only be of use to me.

What narrative device was used in the paragraph?

The correct answer is: Flashback

A strategy in writing a definition paragraph that shows the evolution of the word and how it was formed.

The correct answer is: Etymology

True or False: The main aim of descriptive paragraphs is to describe a particular thing as accurately as possible.

The correct answer is: False

This is one of the terms used in writing narratives that refers to the outcome of the characters’ actions.

The correct answer is: Resolution

LEARNING ACTIVITY 4. READING AND WRITING.

----There are five transition words used in the following cause and effect paragraph. Write them in order in the given spaces below:

In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities. Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums. For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the farm, and therefore drew them away from rural communities.

1. for

2. first

3.second

4.finally

5.therefore

LEARNING ACTIVITY 5. READING AND WRITING.

---Which of the following statements is not true?�

The correct answer is: Internet has become so widespread that it is hard to track the cause of serious problems encountered by its users.

----Which of the following is not a proposed solution of the author?�

The correct answer is: Install anti-virus programs that could prevent potential malware.

----- According to the essay sample, which of these is not a problem specified by the author? (Write the letter of the correct answer)

�a. children can access potentially dangerous sites�

b. news and company websites are hacked

�c. online fraud�

d. websites with unverified authenticity.

The correct answer is: d

----An example of a dangerous site that children can easily access:

The correct answer is: pornography sites

----Is the conclusion positive or negative?�

The correct answer is: Neutral�

SHORT QUIZ 1. READING AND WRITING.

True or False: It's best to think of different topics and discover various points of focus so you can keep your options open before writing.

The correct answer is: False

True or False: In brainstorming, you must find the related ideas to the topic you have in mind and link it to subtopics.

The correct answer is: False

Learning to write is a

The correct answer is: sequential

A pre-writing strategy which is the process of pouring out all your thoughts nonstop in an exact order, language and form as you think them.

The correct answer is: Freewriting

Complete the following sentence: "Writing without _________

form and content

Correct is like a human body without skeleton; writing without ___________ is like a skeleton with no flesh."

The correct answer is: form and content

In writing a text, these two elements must be present: content and

The correct answer is: form

Which of the following statements is true?

The correct answer is: You must come up with all the possible ideas from the pre-writing stage.

A stage in writing where you look for any mechanical errors.

The correct answer is: Revising

True or False: The final draft does not require editing or revising.

The correct answer is: False

Pre-writing requires an

The correct answer is: open

SHORT QUIZ 2. READING AND WRITING..

1. Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.

[There have been immense advances in technology in most aspects of people’s lives, especially in the field of education.]. [Nowadays, an increasing number of students rely on computers for research and to produce a perfect paper for school purposes. ]. [Others have decided to leave the original way of learning and to get knowledge through online schools.]. [These changes in the learning process have brought a special concern regarding the possible decrease of importance of teachers in the classroom.].

2. Choose the correct transition words for the paragraph from the given choices below. You may use the same word multiple times.

The correct answer is:

Every four years, the whole world stops to watch international sporting events [such as] the Olympics and the Football World Cup in which athletes show their best performance to make their country proud. These sporting occasions have proved to be helpful in easing international tension in difficult times when powerful leaders were trying to control the world’s economy and other governments were fighting over the land.

The Olympic Games are one of the best examples which prove how sporting events can bring nations together, at least temporarily. [from] the ancient History, [when] Greeks and Romans would interrupt battles to participate in the games, to the more recent international disputes, when athletes from Palestine and Israel would forget their differences, compete peacefully and even embrace each other after an event. [moreover], these popular events have called the world’s attention to the terrible consequences of wars; [thus] some leaders have tried to reach agreements to end their disputes and live peacefully.

Similarly, international sporting events show benefits in some developing countries which live in a daily internal civil war. [for example], Brazil has a high rate of unemployment, lack of education, hunger, crime, poverty and corruption which leads to an immense embarrassment of being Brazilian and a low self-esteem. [however], when the Football World Cup starts, the Brazilian squad, which is considered the best team in the world, provokes an amazing feeling of pride in their country. Most people seem to forget all their problems and even the criminal activity decreases. They paint roads with the national colors, wear the Brazilian team shirts and buy national flags. [moreover], the competition brings families and neighbors together and even rival gangs watch the games and celebrate peacefully.

[in conclusion], popular sporting events play an important role in decreasing international tensions and liberating patriotic feelings as history has shown.

3. Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.

The correct answer is:

[For some people the little green tassels dropping from the trees and the fluffy pink, white, and yellow blossoms announce the arrival of allergy season.]. [For others a big, furry dog or a soft feather pillow brings on the sneezes or itchy eyes.]. [Still others are in trouble if they accidentally eat honey, chocolate, or water chestnuts.]. [Although millions of Americans have allergies, no one knows definitely how allergies develop or why some people have them and others do not.]. [ Doctors have made some progress in diagnosis.]. [Yet allergies remain a mystery that is only partially understood and only partially treatable.].

4.Which of the following contains the topic sentence?

(A) Today’s world has been divided into developing and industrialized countries which the main difference between them is the amount of money that governments apply in important sectors such as education, health and commerce. (B) Most of the poorer nations are buried in debts as a result of their unbalanced finances which are reflect in a failed health care, an unstructured education system and a weak international trade. (C) This vicious cycle will continue indefinitely unless wealthier nations show interest in minimizing the worldwide economic differences, as well as taking more responsibility for assisting less fortunate countries.

The correct answer is: A

5.Choose the proper pattern of arrangement of the following jumbled paragraph.

The correct answer is: E, C, A, B, D

6. Which among the set of sentences is most appropriate to be the 4th sentence?

(A) Yet allergies remain a mystery that is only partially understood and only partially treatable.

(B) Still others are in trouble if they accidentally eat honey, chocolate, or water chestnuts.

(D) For others a big, furry dog or a soft feather pillow brings on the sneezes or itchy eyes.

(E) Although millions of Americans have allergies, no one knows definitely how allergies develop or why some people have them and others do not.

(F) For some people the little green tassels dropping from the trees and the fluffy pink, white, and yellow blossoms announce the arrival of allergy season.

The correct answer is: E

7.Which of the following contains the topic sentence?

(A) As an English writer has written, “Providence in her wise disposition has placed these people in a garden of Eden, where the means of subsistence are found without much labor, and does not require them to toil and slave to satisfy their personal wants.” (B) By the yard stick of human action in temperature countries, the Filipinos do not work hard. (C) Foreign writers have rashly accused the Filipinos of “indolence.” (D) The Filipinos take life easy because of the tropical climate and the liberality of nature. (E) Such may seem the case, but foreign critics are interpreting it as a manifestation of racial laziness.

The correct answer is: B

LONG QUIZ 1. READING AND WRITING..

A. The correct answer is:

Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.

Shakespeare never grows old. Why is that? It’s because he expresses timeless truths with unparalleled literary excellence. The study of Shakespeare is essential for a good education.

[The first reason to study Shakespeare is to develop one’s appreciation for great literature]. [Shakespeare’s genius is evident, not only in his sonnets and other poems, but in some three dozen plays]. [His characters are vivid and his plots compelling]. [Once you’ve met them, who can ever forget Hamlet or Lady Macbeth ‑ his grief, or her guilt ‑ or Beatrice and Benedick, and their humorous banter?] It’s not an accident that Shakespeare is the most-quoted author in the English language. [He also confers a rich vocabulary]. [The prestigious Oxford English Dictionary estimates that Shakespeare “coined” about 1700 words]. [What better way to develop an appreciation for great literature than by studying the best?]

[Clearly, there is an enduring value in Shakespeare]. [In addition to his literary gifts, Shakespeare reveals deep spiritual insights]. [ The plays of Shakespeare rest upon and express a Biblical worldview]. Although he tapped many sources for inspiration, his primary source was Scripture. One researcher has documented over 1,300 Biblical references in Shakespeare, an average of about forty per play. Shakespeare wrote from a God-centered, redemptive perspective. The great Biblical themes are all there.

Given the magnitude of his contribution, it is no wonder that scholars like E. D. Hirsch have insisted on the importance of reading Shakespeare to develop a basic, “cultural literacy.” Shakespeare provides a wonderful ‘bridge’ for discussing the great questions of life, and for rediscovering the richness in Western civilization.

The works of Shakespeare constitute a rich literary, spiritual and cultural treasure, just waiting for discovery. Students of Shakespeare are rewarded for their efforts. But that’s a bonus. It’s like getting paid to play.

B. The correct answer is:

Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.

Every four years, the whole world stops to watch international sporting events such as the Olympics and the Football World Cup in which athletes show their best performance to make their country proud. These sporting occasions have proved to be helpful in easing international tension in difficult times when powerful leaders were trying to control the world’s economy and other governments were fighting over the land.

[The Olympic Games are one of the best examples which prove how sporting events can bring nations together, at least temporarily]. [From the ancient History, when Greeks and Romans would interrupt battles to participate in the games, to the more recent international disputes, when athletes from Palestine and Israel would forget their differences, compete peacefully and even embrace each other after an event]. [Moreover, these popular events have called the world’s attention to the terrible consequences of wars; thus some leaders have tried to reach agreements to end their disputes and live peacefully].

Similarly, international sporting events show benefits in some developing countries which live in a daily internal civil war. [For example, Brazil has a high rate of unemployment, lack of education, hunger, crime, poverty and corruption which leads to an immense embarrassment of being Brazilian and a low self‑esteem]. [However, when the Football World Cup starts, the Brazilian squad, which is considered the best team in the world, provokes an amazing feeling of pride in their country]. [Most people seem to forget all their problems and even the criminal activity decreases]. They paint roads with the national colors, wear the Brazilian team shirts and buy national flags. [Moreover, the competition brings families and neighbors together and even rival gangs watch the games and celebrate peacefully].

[In conclusion, popular sporting events play an important role in decreasing international tensions and liberating patriotic feelings as history has shown].

C. The correct answer is:

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate transition word. Choose one from the given choices below.

Turkish governments have been trying to join the European union for years. Despite all the difficult tasks that have to be achieved in order to join the EU, Turkish governments are persistent. Turkish citizens seem to agree with their governments, too. Why do we insist on becoming a member of the union then? It is probably because of the differences between the happiness levels of Turkish and EU citizens.

A study has been conducted on contentment and optimism of people in Turkey and the EU, which revealed that as a nation we have low levels of satisfaction and happiness. Nearly two thirds of Turkish people are discontent with their lives, [while] four fifths of the EU citizens are satisfied with their lives. Approximately the same results can be observed on people’s thoughts about their countries’ present and future conditions. It is obvious that people in the EU are happier than the people in Turkey, [but] why are we unhappy and pessimistic in contrast to EU citizens?

There are plenty of reasons for the discontentment of people in Turkey compared to those in EU, [but] there are some reasons of greater significance, [such as] differences in income, welfare, and stability.

[first of all], it is known that there is a great gap between the incomes of Turkish and EU citizens. This means that a person in EU who does the same job as a person in Turkey will receive a higher salary in Europe than in Turkey. Similarly, an unemployed person in EU is paid more or has more pension and social rights than an unemployed person in our country.

[moreover], there is another fact which is a result of earlier ones: there are many people below poverty line and starvation limit in Turkey. These conditions lead to dissatisfaction in the country, we cannot be happy when we are starving, can we?

[furthermore], Turkish economic and government systems lack stability. Considering successive crises and growths following these, it can be said that Turkish economy is fluctuating. Just as the economy, government has no sign of continuity. Each new government blames the previous governments and changes what they have done. These acts are justified as being necessary [but] generally lead to nothing but corruption. Lack of continuity causes confusion, [as] people need time to get used to new conditions. If you do not give them enough time and change the conditions again, just like in Turkey, the result will be confusion followed by depression. [however], in Europe there is a system that goes on without great disruptions, which means that there is a stable life and a predictable, better to say a hopeful, future.

As I mentioned before, our persistence in joining the EU may be because of their happiness against our discontentment. We hope to find satisfaction, which we could not find alone, in Europe. Considering the fact that neither EU nor any other unions can grant happiness without any effort, is it not better that we work for our own benefit, not only to join the EU?

D. Identify the topic sentence.

(A) Most people want to get married and have children. (B) Perhaps they want to leave a trace or offspring after them, so that they become somehow “immortal”. (C) And it is commonly said that children are the ultimate bliss in our lives. (D) Although many people agree with this statement, to my mind, it is not true

The correct answer is: D

E.Identify the topic sentence.

(A) Everyday in one way or another we are trying to find happiness in a complete chaos, that is what all we are struggling for. (B) Actually, temporary happiness is everywhere if we want to find it and search for it. (C) Sometimes it is just as close as a cute kitten to us, sometimes giving a hand to someone who is in need of us is enough. (D) Even taking a breath may give somebody the absolute happiness at times. (E) But what if we leave temporary happiness alone and decide to construct our lives on basic principles of permanent happiness? (F) Certainly these principles depend on one’s characteristics and point of view. (G) In my opinion, social relations, acceptance and independence are the most important elements of permanent happiness in life.

The correct answer is: G

F. Identify the topic sentence.

(A) The expansion of the world population is the most important problem that should be solved in order not to confront in the near future big social problems such as bad economic circumstances and lack of resources, food and housing. (B) Birth control, although may lead to religious, cultural and moral objections, is the fastest way to reduce the population growth rate. (C) Therefore, governments should begin programs of birth control even in a compulsory manner due to the fact that group survival is more important than individual freedom.

The correct answer is: A

long quiz 2. reading and writing..

----What type of definition is used in the given paragraph?

Newton’s First Law: If the total force acting on an object is zero, its center of mass continues in the same state of motion.

In other words, an object initially at rest is predicted to remain at rest if the total force acting on it is zero, and an object in motion remains in motion with the same velocity in the same direction. The converse of Newton’s first law is also true: if we observe an object moving with constant velocity along a straight line, then the total force on it must be zero. You may encounter the term “net force,” which is simply a synonym for total force

The correct answer is: Denotation

----True or False: The rising action refers to events caused by the climax.

The correct answer is: False

.----Read the following paragraph and identify what type of description is used:

Back in 1999 this fearless athlete posed in this football picture. In the far distance below the cloudless sky stands an off-white stadium. Embedded in the center is large, cracked, blue, painted, letters that spell out BISON. Beneath the old stadium are rows of worn-out bleachers which are completely empty. Up in front stands the competitor down on one knee. As you observe more, the sport player is wearing a blue Bison jersey sporting the number 60. To the left above the freshly trimmed green grass that engulfs this player’s figure lays a football. In the center of the picture, you see her pale white face and dark brown eyes. Around these features you can not help but notice the bronzed hair; which appears to be pulled back around this slender face. Her stern look shows how proud she is; nonetheless, all the confidence she carries on her padded up shoulders. This unique woman is not only elegant and brave; she is my sister, Margaret Eva Hoyt.

The correct answer is: Subjective description

-----Read the given paragraph below:

Differences Between Tokyo and Kyoto

In recent decades, the title of one of the most popular cultures worldwide should be definitely given to Japan. Millions of people all over the world study the Japanese language, watch dorama (dramatic TV series on all kinds of topics) or animation, read and write haiku, and make pen pals with Japanese people. Countless people buy tickets and fly to the country of the rising sun to see its wonders with their own eyes.

Among the most popular destinations—mostly because these city names are most known to the western public—are Tokyo and Kyoto. And perhaps for an inexperienced traveler, there is a dilemma: where to go? Mostly, people know that Tokyo is a mega city of the future, and Kyoto has more to do with ancient culture, traditions, and so on. Basically it is true, but at the same time, there also exist more subtle differences one should consider when choosing their destination point in Japan.

The first of them is prices. Tokyo is expensive—as you might expect from the capital of the most urbanized country in the world (the prices below are listed in Japanese yen: 1 USD approximately equals 100 yen). So, to grab some inexpensive snack in Tokyo would cost around 850 yen. Having a three-course meal for two people in a mid-range restaurant, in case you travel with your spouse, will cost you 5,230 yen. A one-way ticket on Tokyo transport costs you 190 yen, and renting one room apartment outside of the city center costs 77,853 yen (and this is probably a weekly price). Just do not expect this apartment to be big and cozy; most likely it will be tiny, with basic utilities, and with no central heating (actually, there is no such thing in Japan at all—everyone warms their house up on their own). If you think of buying an apartment in Tokyo, forget it—one square meter of a room outside of the city center is around 1 million yen (double the price if you want to live closer to the city center).

Kyoto is not much cheaper. Although dining in a restaurant is cheaper—only 4,000 yen for two persons in a mid-range restaurant—transportation costs are surprisingly higher: 235 yen for a ride (however, if you want to purchase a monthly pass, it is cheaper to do in Kyoto rather than in Tokyo: 8,410 yen compared to 10,000 yen). If you think you can save some money buying food in a market, you are correct only in particulars: some products in Japan cost a lot of money no matter where you buy them. For example, white rice costs 850 yen for 1 kg in Kyoto (453 yen in Tokyo). White bread, tomatoes, chicken breasts, and especially cheese—these are the most expensive products both in Kyoto and in Tokyo. Speaking of accommodation, renting or buying an apartment in Kyoto is much cheaper: for a one room apartment outside of Kyoto’s center, you must pay 48,000 yen to rent, or 300,000 yen per square meter if you want to buy it (Numbeo.com).

Tokyo is great to visit if you enjoy hustle and bustle, if you want to feel the heartbeat of a mega-city, dive into its life, and experience all those crazy things people in the West usually tell about Japan. Be prepared for the overcrowded subway— and “overcrowded” is a gentle way to put it; in fact, you can take a 60-minute ride in the subway, and your feet will not even touch the floor, because you will be squeezed between other people so tight that you can even take a nap in this position. Kyoto, on the other hand, is good to visit for all those who feel inspired by traditional Japanese culture: haiku, hanami, court customs, the No theater, and so on. In Kyoto, you will not see amazing skyscrapers, over 280 subway stations, and the craziness of the famous Shibuya crossing; instead, get prepared for temples, tea houses, museums: all things antique and authentic. But, if you want modernity, go to Tokyo, and you will not feel disappointed—this city already lives in the future (Go Overseas).

It is difficult to say which city is better for an inexperienced tourist to visit, Tokyo or Kyoto. Kyoto is cheaper, especially in terms of renting an apartment, and is more suitable for those looking for the old Japanese culture weaved into sophisticated palaces made during Heian-jidai. Tokyo, on the contrary, is an enormous metropolis, with crazy prices, crazy transportation, crazy everything. The atmospheres are different, but both of the cities will make you awed, so if you have a chance, you should definitely visit them.

Based on the given example of compare and contrast essay, which of the two cities is cheaper in terms of dining?

The correct answer is: Kyoto

------True or False: Descriptive paragraphs may or may not appeal to the five senses of the readers.

The correct answer is: False

----Cause and effect requires a

The correct answer is: coherent

-------The correct answer is:

Based on the sample paragraph, complete the outline:

I. [Personal Computer]

A. [Desktop]

- [permanent location required]

- [more power]

- [more storage]

- [more versatile]

B. [Laptop/notebook]

- [portable]

- [battery‑operated]

- [slightly larger than a hardcover book]

II. [Workstation]

A. [enhanced capabilities]

B. [suitable for game development]

III. [Server]

A. [needs optimization]

B. [lots of memory]

IV. [Main frame]

A. [network of terminals]

V. [Supercomputer]

B. [for massive jobs of calculation]

-----Read the given paragraph below:

Differences Between Tokyo and Kyoto

Which of the two cities has the higher cost for transportation?

The correct answer is: Kyoto

=----This refers to the logical transition of one sentence or paragraph to another

The correct answer is: consistency

----

_____ refers to the technique that suggest hints on future events in a story.

The correct answer is: Foreshadowing

----True or False: The subject in a descriptive paragraph may be conveyed in detail through an explanation of its significance.

The correct answer is: True

LONG QUIZ 3. READING AND WRITING..

Read the following essay and answer the following questions.

The times when parents were responsible for their children’s academic accomplishments—and students themselves—seem to have gone. Nowadays, many people believe it is the high school administration, teachers, and the government that are responsible for students getting good grades. Before, when you got an F, your parents would blame you; today, they would rather go to your school and demand your teacher to give you a better grade. Such an approach leads to irresponsible behavior: students care less about their grades and start skipping classes, considering them to be boring. And although there is seemingly nothing wrong with skipping a boring class you think you would not need in future, in fact doing so has a number of negative impacts on your future.

To start with, parents of a student who skips school lose huge amounts of money (given that it is not the student who pays for studying). In the United States, free education is a rare privilege; every single class skipped is worth a certain amount of money. Whether a student studies at high school, college, or university, it does not matter—the average cost of a skipped class is in the range between $50 to $100 (IFR). If a student chooses to skip classes regularly, it will cost him or her or his or her parents a lot of money annually, without getting the result: education and knowledge.

The likeliness to get lower grades when skipped classes is another consequence. Whereas those who stay in class obtain at least some knowledge, even if they are not bright, a person who skips classes is at higher risks of obtaining no knowledge at all. Besides, teachers may have a bias toward such a student, and will treat him or her unfairly even though this person might be bright and studied the subject on his or her own. Needless to say, this situation can lead to a failure during exams or getting expelled from an educational institution (FRI).

According to research, only five absences is usually enough for a student’s academic performance to drop. Five more absences would most likely lead to a decreased chance to graduate a particular educational institution: on average, skippers are about 20% less likely to successfully graduate. If a student studies at high school, he or she has a 25% less chance to enter any type of higher education institution. They are also 2.5 times more likely to have to live on welfare compared to their more disciplined peers (Middle Earth).

Skipping classes has yet another not-so-obvious consequence: a student is more likely to become engaged in activities that neither the American society nor the legislative system would approve. Skipping classes does not always imply staying at home; more likely, a student would spend their time outdoors, and chances to get involved in antisocial behavior (substance abuse, shoplifting, gambling, and so on) increase. No need to say it can cause a person to enter prison eventually.

Skipping classes is not so harmless as it might seem. It is a direct waste of money for all those who have to pay for the education—and such people are the majority. Students who skip classes are more likely to get lower grades and face a biased attitude from their teachers; moreover, they have lower chances to successfully graduate, and enroll in a college—of any type. Such students are also more likely to live on welfare, and get engaged in antisocial behavior. Therefore, this problem should be treated with all possible attention from teachers, parents, and authorities.

QUESTIONS:

Paragraph order: Logical order =logical

Signal words used (arranged according to its order in the essay):

1. before

2.today

3. although

4. in fact

5.to start with

6.Whether.. or

7.if

8.whereas

9.even if

10. besides

11.According to

12. yet

13.such

14. therefore

Type of paragraph development: Answer:

cause and effect

THIRD PERIODICAL EXAM. READING WRITING.

The most common method of discovering a topic.

The correct answer is: Brainstorming

Which step in writing process includes coming up with ideas for you to write?

The correct answer is: Pre-writing

Tell which figure of speech is used in the following sentences.

The leaves of the trees waved in the wind

.The correct answer is: Personification

The sequential flow of ideas in a sentence.

The correct answer is: Coherence

Each level of an outline must have same grammatical structures.

The correct answer is: Parallel structure

_________ is the part of the story where the characters and setting are introduced. It also tells backstories and other important plot events.

The correct answer is: Exposition

The logical transition of one sentence or paragraph to another.

The correct answer is: Consistency

_________ is the formal definition of a term.

The correct answer is: Denotation

Tell which figure of speech is used in the following sentences.

Laughter is music for the soul.

The correct answer is: Metaphor

Tell which figure of speech is used in the following sentences.

Her eyes were like fireflies

.The correct answer is: Simile

Which of these statements are supporting details?

I. But they face certain problems which cannot be discussed with his relatives – in whatever relation they may stand and here is the need of a friend, of course a true friend. There is no matter which cannot be discussed with a friend.

II. Friendship is seen even among animals.

III. Men of similar moral idea irrespective of social, cultural, educational and financial idea may grow true friendship.

The correct answer is: Both II and III are supporting details

_________ shows the formation of the word and how it has evolved through time.

The correct answer is: Etymology

There are terms that are defined by the author’s perspective and experiences. What are these terms called?

The correct answer is: Connotation

Nordquist suggested the structure of paragraphs in a problem-solution essay to serve as a guide on what to include in that type of essay. Which of the following is the elaboration of the problems and the search for the solution?

The correct answer is: Problem Paragraph

The most unrestrained method in finding a suitable topic.

The correct answer is: Freewriting

Which of the following is the best test of friendship?

The correct answer is: Adversity

Which step in the writing process includes expressing ideas in sentences and paragraphs?

The correct answer is: Writing

Why are human beings the best creation of God?

The correct answer is: Because human beings have moral feelings.

Tell which figure of speech is used in the following sentences.

I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!

The correct answer is: Hyperbole

The time and the place where the story takes place.

The correct answer is: Setting

Which of the following sentences is not coherent?

The correct answer is: Summer is the smell of mowed grass, the sound of outdoor concerts, and the way grilled hamburgers taste.

The highest point in a story.

The correct answer is: Climax

Which of the following statements is true about the three main principles in developing classification paragraphs?

I. The specific items identified in paragraphs must belong to one class only to avoid confusion.

II. Classification paragraphs must contain consistency wherein one sentence or paragraph is parallel to another.

III. Classification paragraphs require the writer to include connected classes/groups to the paragraph to complete the image of the main idea.

The correct answer is: All of the statements are correct.

Which step in the writing process includes correcting mechanical errors and filtering the information needed to get your point across?

The correct answer is: Revising

The technique in finding a writing topic by finding the relationships between ideas.

The correct answer is: Clustering

The element of a paragraph that gives life to the characters and gives sense to the setting.

The correct answer is: Plot

A story cannot be without a foundation. The writer gives the readers a view of what has happened to the characters in the past and how they came to be. Which narrative device is used to show these parts of the story?

The correct answer is: Backstory

The intent of dividing items into groups.

The correct answer is: Exclusiveness

Which of the following sentences is the topic sentence of the paragraph?

The correct answer is: Friendship means closeness, association, relationship, and mutual trust – without any selfish motive.

Which of the following is not true about the topic sentence of a paragraph?

The correct answer is: The topic sentence gives life to the paragraph.

Which step in the writing process includes checking for errors of your work?

The correct answer is: Editing

_________ is the outcome of the events and the character’s actions.

The correct answer is: Resolution

Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.

There are a few places that can boast an act of creation everyday. A newspaper is one of them. Out of the daily newsroom whirl emerges a remarkable product. In a matter of hours, thousands of words and pictures are put together in a cohesive pattern designed to inform, enlighten, and entertain the reader. To a casual observer, the men and women working in the newsroom may appear to be running about aimlessly amid the clatter of typewriters and the continually ringing telephones. Actually, the scurrying around, the occasional shouting, the general air of excitement are all part of a controlled procedure. Each editor, reporter, and copyboy has a designated job, the end result of which is the newspaper that rolls off the press on time.

1. The topic sentence in the paragraph is sentence number

ANSWER: three =3

2. The type of paragraph development: Answer

descriptive =description

3. Give one signal word from the paragraph, indicating space, location and place. Answer: amid

Which narrative device is used by the writer to present hints to future events?

The correct answer is: Foreshadowing

Based on the paragraph, why are true friendships rarely seen?

The correct answer is: Because true friendships depend upon selection of a friend.

There are terms that are associated with indirectly related words through analogy. What are these terms called?

The correct answer is: Comparison

Tell which figure of speech is used in the following sentences.

He’s as gentle as a bunny.

The correct answer is: Simile

Learning Activity 7 (Reading and Writing Skills)

Which among the following choices is the most suitable/strongest inference for the given sentence?

"He admitted to plagiarizing this piece of text."

---The correct answer is: There are several passages that are exactly the same in structure, albeit the use of synonyms

In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?

What is the author trying to emphasize in the text?

---The correct answer is: Drawing Conclusions

In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?

How does this statement relate to the other parts of the text?

---The correct answer is: Organization

Statements of ______ may be proven through personal observations, researches, and experimentation.

---The correct answer is: fact

In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?

To whom did the author intend to write the text for?

---The correct answer is: Audience

Learning Activity 8 (Reading and Writing Skills)

So, although on the surface volunteering may look like “working for free,” in fact it is a great investment in one’s future career.

---The correct answer is: Claim of value

Defense mechanisms are numerous, and each person has a set of their own.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

Stories about being abducted by aliens are frightening, because knowing the size of the Universe, one can never be sure that aliens do not exist, or that their intentions are non-hostile.

---The correct answer is: Claim of value

During your first two days in a hostel, you can meet more new people than you did throughout your whole last year of office work.

---The correct answer is: Claim of value

Too much alcohol may cause a lot of heart-related diseases.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

Learning Activity 9 (Reading and Writing Skills)

This is portrayed by the use paraphrasing another author's statement. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Intertext

This is achieved through an accumulation of a variety of texts connecting to a single text to form a meaning. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Intertext

This goes beyond what is included in the text, with references a reader can easily access. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Hypertext

The commonly used strategy in digital media/text. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Hypertext

This analyzes the media in which the text is used. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Context

Learning Activity 10 (Reading and Writing Skills)

Rowling created truly vivid characters; however, not all of them revealed their potential from the very beginning. Surprisingly, the one who truly took his time before finally showing his personality was Harry. Whereas Ron, Hermione, Draco, Snape, and other characters possessed vivid and readable personalities from the very beginning, for a long time, Harry remains some kind of an “event-trigger,” whose main goal is to move the story forward.

---The correct answer is: Counterclaim

Many high school graduates simply do not have an opportunity to continue their education right away (Saiz, Report on Education to Career Conversion).

---The correct answer is: Assertion - fact

They conducted a study in which a group of healthy young men slept 8 hours one night, and then abstained from sleep another night.

---The correct answer is: Assertion - fact

Abortion causes severe psychological and emotional damage to a woman who has undergone this surgery.

---The correct answer is: Claim

R. Dworkin does something rather novel and considers that, rather than being immoral, something could be from a different moral code (1977, p. 995). This, of course, makes perfect sense, and is what I have said already. I would even go so far as to suggest that it is impossible to act immorally. This is another reason morality and legality must remain separate, because, whereas illegal acts exist, immoral ones do not.

---The correct answer is: Assertion - fact

Learning Activity 11 (Reading and Writing Skills)

What did the main idea of the story make you feel as the reader? Identify what is described.

---The correct answer is: theme

A review of Harry Potter contains the following passage:

It all starts in a rather trivial way though—with a boy being branded as the “unique one,” a survivor of a terrible assault with a destiny to defeat an evil overlord. However, this is the basic layer of the story, so to say.

What guide question did it answer?

---The correct answer is: What is the conflict of the story?

You must have an interest in the book you're analyzing.

---The correct answer is: True

After reading the book, that's when to take notes of what you have read.

---The correct answer is: False

This is where you identify the climax of the story.

---The correct answer is: plot

Learning Activity 12 (Reading and Writing Skills)

A part of the research report that gives the synthesis of the supporting details.

---The correct answer is: Review of Literature

The part of a research report that describes the procedure to arrive at the result.

---The correct answer is: Methods

This part of a research report describes the instrument used to arrive at a result.

---The correct answer is: Methods

This identifies what type of research it is going to be.

---The correct answer is: Research questions/hypothesis

The step in writing a research report wherein you formulate questions related to the topic.

---The correct answer is: planning the research

Learning Activity 13 (Reading and Writing Skills)

It is in bad taste to stress your interest in applying for the job in the company.

---The correct answer is: False

Identify which part of the resume the following information belongs to:

Certificate of N5 level Japanese Language Proficiency.

---The correct answer is: Educational qualifications

Identify which part of the resume the following information belongs to:

Experienced with Moodle.

---The correct answer is: Technical/software skills

You may choose not to include your address in the email copy of your application letter.

---The correct answer is: False

The application letter must be in strict business letter format.

---The correct answer is: True

Short Quiz 7 (Reading and Writing Skills)

In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?

How does this contribute to the variety of texts done discussing the same topic?

---The correct answer is: Research/Sources

The text does not have a meaning by itself.

---The correct answer is: True

In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?

Is the stand of the author clear?

---The correct answer is: Topic and position

Which among the following choices is the most suitable/strongest inference for the given sentence?

"Drug use is detrimental to society."

---The correct answer is: There has been multiple instances and cases displaying the dire consequences of drugs on people.

In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?

Where was the text published or found?

---The correct answer is: Audience

Which of the following words does not signal a statement of opinion?

---The correct answer is: according to

This is a strategy that is purposefully writing a passage leaning towards a single perspective.

---The correct answer is: slanting

In the analysis of a written text, in what element does the following question fall?

In what tone did the author write the text?

---The correct answer is: Style

Which among the following choices is the most suitable/strongest inference for the given sentence?

"This group has garnered the most music awards for this year."

---The correct answer is: They have received multiple awards from different award-giving bodies.

What do you call the terms used in a text that need further definition as they are exclusively used in a field of study?

---The correct answer is: jargon

Short Quiz 8 (Reading and Writing Skills)

If you move to China, you will discover another reason why this country is worth moving to: its prices.

---The correct answer is: Claim of value

The police should be responsible of the people’s safety and not a source of fear.

---The correct answer is: Claim of policy

Global warming, despite others’ doubts, exists.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

The four circles, or stages of mourning are denial, anger, bargaining, and depression; the exit is acceptance.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

Let us choose to believe the opposite, and not doubt the possibility of us being the masters of our lives, so that no ‘cunning demon’ can distract us with false perceptions and throw us off the right path.

---The correct answer is: Claim of policy

At least 25 percent of the federal budget should be spent on helping upgrade business to clean technologies, researching renewable energy sources, and planting more trees in order to control or eliminate pollution.

---The correct answer is: Claim of policy

Volunteering is a great alternative to a number of other activities, since it can help you acquire work experience and get a job.

---The correct answer is: Claim of value

Time is gold.

---The correct answer is: Claim of value

Anger can be effectively used to establish and defend your personal boundaries, personal space, sense of justice, beliefs, and so on.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

Western classical music has not just artistic and cultural value, but also causes a number of unexpected and (fortunately) positive effects on the human mind.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

Short Quiz 9 (Reading and Writing Skills)

Through this, the text related to the topic you are reading may be easily found through search engines. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Hypertext

At its whole, this will heavily affect the way the text is written. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Context

These are the circumstances surrounding a topic. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Context

This is also known as "interactive multimedia."

---The correct answer is: Hypertext

This can be divided into static (or something prepared or stored in advance) or dynamic (something that continually changes). What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Hypertext

In the analysis of this, even the way pictures are selected is scrutinized. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Context

This is described as "a structural analysis of texts in relation to the larger system of signifying practices or uses of signs in culture." What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Intertext

A nonlinear way of presenting information. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Hypertext

This refers to the occasion or situation in which the reader can consider while analyzing. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Context

This builds relationships and connections among social meanings. What is being described?

---The correct answer is: Intertext

Short Quiz 10 (Reading and Writing Skills)

St. Thomas Aquinas gave five proofs for God’s existence. The first two are cosmological: there can be no uncaused cause, so the universe could not have created itself, so there must be a first cause/prime mover, (Appiah, 2003, p. 322), which he calls “God.” This, in my view, does not prove anything. He is saying the universe cannot have come from nothing, but its creator can. If God is an exception to the “no uncaused cause” rule, why cannot the universe be? (Russell, 1927).

---The correct answer is: Counterclaim

Lord Templeman suggested that the issue of consent was irrelevant to the question of the illegality of an action, since the latter constitutes a breach of the peace. This traces back to high-minded English snobbery about a king needing able-bodied soldiers. The idea seems to be that a society is more important than its individuals. But this is, of course, erroneous, for it seems obvious, upon reflection, that there can be nothing more sacred than individual liberty.

---The correct answer is: Counterclaim

On the other hand, the exploitation of the system of standardized testing is linked to a number of issues. Thus, many feel that tests do not provide accurate evaluations of a student’s knowledge and learning capabilities, particularly due to the fact that in order to pass a test, a simple memorization is preferred to critical thinking and higher learning (Strong 254).

---The correct answer is: Counterclaim

Of course, any book can be described like this; for example, the plot of “The Lord of the Rings” can be described even in a shorter way: “Four guys go to a dangerous land to defeat ancient evil by destroying an important artifact, and their friends help them.” However, unlike Tolkien’s novel, Twilight has nothing to offer to a reader except the events described in the previous paragraph. This is ridiculous, considering four published books, some sort of online encyclopedia, and movies.

---The correct answer is: Counterclaim

It is equally possible many gods could exist. Furthermore, St. Thomas uses “God” as a label for the first cause. The first cause is not necessarily the Christian God (Dawkins, 2007, p. 101)—all-knowing, all-powerful, and all-good (all-k.p.g.), or anything God is usually considered to be.

---The correct answer is: Assertion - fact

Insomnia affects not only the mind, but also the body in ways no less devastating; specifically, according to a study conducted by the University of Chicago, sleep deprivation is closely connected to the reduced control of blood-sugar levels.

---The correct answer is: Assertion - fact

Insomnia, or sleep deprivation, is a dangerous condition leading to a wide range of health problems.

---The correct answer is: Claim

Studying is a necessity rather than a privilege.

---The correct answer is: Claim

A woman who has undergone the abortion procedure may develop such persistent symptoms as shame, a sense of isolation, a loss of self-confidence and/or trust in other people, nightmares, insomnia, anxiety, loneliness, and suicidal thoughts. As an unpleasant bonus, these symptoms can be accompanied with various eating disorders (American Pregnancy Association).

---The correct answer is: Assertion - fact

What epicness is there in a lovey-dovey story about a relationship between a schoolgirl and a vampire? Obviously none, neither in the novel, nor in the movies—it is simply a marketing turn aimed at making the source look like something more worthwhile than it is.

---The correct answer is: Assertion - opinion

Short Quiz 11 (Reading and Writing Skills)

A review of the Twilight Saga contains the following passage:

The first and foremost question: why would a 104 year-old person fall in love with a teenager? Theoretically, people get wiser when they get older, although reality proves it is not necessarily so. I would understand if Edward treated Bella as an adopted daughter, at least. But love? There is a special word for adult men having romantic and sexual relationships with teen girls. Also, according to folklore, vampires are sadistic, vile, and sexually-insatiable creatures, so in a proper vampire story, exploitation and being devoured would be Bella’s only options. But a true, clean, and romantic love? This is stupid. The only reason why it became possible is probably because aging has negatively affected Edward’s (and his family’s) mental capabilities. Also, why would Bella not feel scared of knowing people who suck blood, or who can turn into savage beasts? What kind of weird taste or fetish is that? And it is not only Bella and Edward acting weird—Jacob, Victoria, the vampire clans, and other folks appearing in Twilight seem to have little to no common sense, reason, or logic.

What guide question did it answer?

---The correct answer is: What is the weakness of the plot?

Where did the story take place and how does it relate to the story?

---The correct answer is: setting

In evaluating an article, it is important for it to be generally unknown so you can grab the reader's attention.

---The correct answer is: False

A critique must contain the following parts except for:

---The correct answer is: comparison with other relevant works

This part of the literary analysis gives the subtopics.

---The correct answer is: body

It is important to dwell on the author's life and his works in a literature analysis.

---The correct answer is: False

There are different interpretations of a single literature. There may be similarities in some but there will always be differences.

---The correct answer is: True

This part of a literature review contains the general indications of the work.

---The correct answer is: introduction

What happens in the story that changed the course of the character/s?

---The correct answer is: conflict

In writing a critique, focus on the flaws of the text.

---The correct answer is: False

Short Quiz 12 (Reading and Writing Skills)

The part of a project proposal that gives the funding details.

---The correct answer is: budget

The cover sheet must be in ______ format.

---The correct answer is: APA

A part of the project detail that emphasizes what the project can contribute to a group of people in the society.

---The correct answer is: Deliverables

An element of a good project proposal that details where to get the funds to bring the project to fruition.

---The correct answer is: Resources

A part of the project proposal that identifies similar solutions.

---The correct answer is: motivation

This informs the recipient of what the project aims to achieve.

---The correct answer is: goals and objectives

The references of the research report is recommended to be in MLA format.

---The correct answer is: False

A part of the project detail that uses diagrams to illustrate what tools to use in the implementation of the project.

---The correct answer is: Architecture and environment

This gives what the end product of the project is.

---The correct answer is: Deliverables

This part of the project details identifies the implementation challenges.

---The correct answer is: project details

Short Quiz 13 (Reading and Writing Skills)

Use any font you want in creating your resume as long as it is somewhat readable.

---The correct answer is: False

Identify which part of the resume the following information belongs to:

Skilled in written and oral communication.

---The correct answer is: Key skills

Identify which part of the resume the following information belongs to:

Finished a Bachelor's Degree in Accountancy (2011-2015)

---The correct answer is: Educational qualifications

Identify which part of the resume the following information belongs to:

I have volunteered for various non-government organizations, handling public relations and advertising of events. (She is applying for PR specialist in a company)

---The correct answer is: Opening statement

The opening paragraph of your application letter must contain:

---The correct answer is: how you learned about the position or the company

Your resume must include your birthday and gender.

---The correct answer is: False

Prior research about the company you're applying for helps in composing your application letter.

---The correct answer is: True

Factual errors in your resume are worse than typographical errors.

---The correct answer is: True

Which is the usual format followed in sending an application letter via email?

---The correct answer is: name, position

Identify which part of the resume the following information belongs to:

Can handle pressure.

---The correct answer is: Personal attributes

Long Quiz 4 (Reading and Writing Skills)

Critical reading is a way to identify new ways of thinking.

---The correct answer is: True

Often mistaken as a plagiarized passage.

---The correct answer is: Intertext

A strategy in critical reading that requires the reader to put himself/herself on the author's shoes.

---The correct answer is: Contextualizing

This involves the analysis of the author's use of signs in obtaining the meaning of the text.

---The correct answer is: Intertext

This element of text is identified for the reader to know how this was developed and asserted throughout the text.

---The correct answer is: purpose

Therefore, I think it is important to learn to distinguish between light constructive feelings of care, and intense romantic addiction, which can lead to unforeseen consequences.

---The correct answer is: Claim of policy

The death penalty is an unfair and rather ineffective means of punishment.

---The correct answer is: Claim of value

Feminism should be seen as a movement that has a role and value for the real world that is extremely difficult to underestimate.

---The correct answer is: Claim of policy

You will identify this through comparing and contrasting the text to other works.

---The correct answer is: What a text does

This uses various techniques such as allusion, quotation and referencing.

---The correct answer is: Intertext

Reading like a writer can help you understand how the process of writing is a series of making choices, and in doing so, can help you recognize important decisions you might face and techniques you might want to use when working on your own writing.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

This helps the reader control the level of detail of the document he/she is examining.

---The correct answer is: Hypertext

Video games are perhaps the most popular and widespread form of entertainment at present.

---The correct answer is: Claim of value

One of the most important functions of the judicial system is to punish the criminals and to protect the innocent.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

Instead of killing time playing Angry Birds, one might want to use their gadget as a learning tool—modern mobile devices are perfectly suited for this purpose.

---The correct answer is: Claim of policy

In ____, the critical reader does not accept anything at face value, thus recognizing the fact that everything must be thoroughly understood.

---The correct answer is: evaluating an argument

The following are the types of reading and discussion in critical reading except:

---The correct answer is: What a text will do

You will identify this through taking notes and paraphrasing the key points.

---The correct answer is: What a text says

Standardized tests are meant to set a high standard and promote objectivity.

---The correct answer is: Claim of value

For political correctness to achieve its goals, too many words have to be banned.

---The correct answer is: Claim of policy

Critical reading may only consist of negative observations and analysis.

---The correct answer is: False

One of the main purposes of testing is to set a standard: a performance baseline of progress for all parties involved in the educational process—students, teachers, and school districts, and to hold them accountable for achieving it.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

People in democratic countries vote for their candidates on presidential elections, freely express themselves, practice any religion they want, and enjoy many other rights and freedoms, all of which are guarded by numerous laws, bills, non-governmental organizations, and so on.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

This is used to establish connections between language, images, characters, topics, themes and the like.

---The correct answer is: Intertext

It is recommended to read looking only for facts and more information.

---The correct answer is: False

This type of reading aims to find a particular piece of information in a text.

---The correct answer is: scanning

Execution is actually a judicial murder.

---The correct answer is: Claim of fact

Critical reading aims to find the faults and flaws in the text.

---The correct answer is: False

It is important to slowly read and savor the text you're reading in order to critically analyze it.

---The correct answer is: True

It's deemed irrelevant to consider other points of view other than what the text presents.

---The correct answer is: False

Long Quiz 5 (Reading and Writing Skills)

Identify the part of the research report where the following passage falls:

The study, "A Content Analysis of The Catalyst’s News Stories From 1986 to 2010", seeks to find out how The Catalyst, the official student publication of Polytechnic University of the Philippines selected and treated the news articles they have published from 1986 to 2010.

The researchers wanted to classify the news issues which The Catalyst gave emphasis on into categories: Political, Financial/Economic, Peace and Order, Social, Rebellion, Religious, Sports/Entertainment, Miscellaneous and Politics within University. The researchers also sorted The Catalyst’s news articles in terms of the following: Scope/Origin, Chronology/Sequence, Structure and Content. Lastly, the researchers intended to determine the treatment and the tone of the news articles.

The researchers used convenience sampling method. The researchers have content analyzed 84 existing issues from the year 1986 up to 2010. The researchers categorized 586 news articles from the said issues into categories based on the criteria following the three major variables in content analysis by Elena Pernia (2004).

Based on the observations and results of the content analysis, it was determined that The Catalyst’s style changed from the orthodox style in 1986 to different forms of layout in the later years. Moreover, The Catalyst transitioned from using blue ink to mainly using black ink and later on red ink.

Moreover, the scope of The Catalyst’s news was mostly local. The student publication usually covered events within the university. Most of the student publication’s news stories were straight news. The news articles were mostly treated as neutral, meaning the news were written merely as statement of events in the simplest and most objective way. The researchers concluded that The Catalyst has performed its duty as the official student publication of PUP through disseminating information that would be of concern to the students and the university.

---The correct answer is:

Abstract

Identify the part of the research report where the following passage falls:

The researchers used the three major variables by Pernia (2004) as basic instrument in analyzing the news stories of The Catalyst. With each category is a set of keywords to make the coding easier for the coders. The coders would determine the category an article belongs to through the keywords provided.

---The correct answer is: Methods

Identify the part of the research report where the following passage falls:

The researchers analyzed all the news stories of each issue of The Catalyst starting from 1986 up to 2010, with the exception of the special issues released and the issues without dates available in the university archives. There were no recorded issues of The Catalyst in the year 1989 and 1990 due to problems within the publication while there were no issues for the year 1999 at the archives during the time of the coding. News roundups and news bits in every issue are also not included in this particular study but would focus on the stories in the news section and sports section.

---The correct answer is: Limitations

Identify the part of the research report where the following passage falls:

Due to lack of job opportunities here in the Philippines, there are Filipinos who were willing to work abroad to earn higher salary compared to the Philippines’. These people are called OFWs or Overseas Filipino Workers. They are ready to sacrifice their lives here in the Philippines for the sake of earning more money. Because of this, they were referred to as “New Heroes”.

Our government is not that vocal about the progress of the country’s economy through the help of OFWs yet they encourage more Filipinos to accept different jobs abroad.

The OFWs’ children are the ones highly by their parent’s departure. They have to suffer the loneliness of not having their parent/s with them.

Although they have guardians to look after them and to care for them, nothing can compare to a parent’s love and affection.

There are laws and agencies that protect and support OFWs but the child would not be ensured of their parent’s safety. They would be surely anxious of the condition of their parents because of the distance that makes the young ones worry about them.

---The correct answer is: Results

Identify the part of the research report where the following passage falls:

In line with this, the scope of the publication’s news articles is within the immediate proximity which is the university and its branches. Therefore, these findings reflect that The Catalyst does its duty as the student publication to serve the student body, first and foremost.

The ruling quantity of news classified into spot news depicted that the abundance of news within the local proximity were given the utmost priority by the editorial board. Events which occurred in PUP demanded immediate publication to easily spread the information to the rest of the university.

---The correct answer is: Conclusion

Identify the part of the research report where the following passage falls:

Departure of Filipinos was beneficial to the country and to the families of OFWs, since the dollar reserve that we can get from them saved us from economic turmoil. But let us think about the children as well, they may experience great loneliness due to their parent’s absence.

Communication is important, considering the distance between the parent and the child. The OFWs should communicate with their children regularly so as not to create a distance between them. It could also help the child if the parent is easily approachable. Imagine if communicating devices did not exist. It would be a great suffering for both the parents and the children since snail mail, the alternative communication, would take a long time of process just to reach the receiver, unlike e-mail, in which the message would be sent in just a matter of seconds.

If the parents truly care for the child, they would always make a way to extend their love overseas to reach them through communication.

The children also need their guardians to plan “outings” and other activities that they would all enjoy for them not to feel alone.

---The correct answer is: Recommendations

Identify the part of the research report where the following passage falls:

The History of Philippine Journalism

Journalism in the Philippines has gone through a number of both setbacks and boosts. The history of Philippine journalism presented in this study is cited from “Journalism for Filipinos” by Malinao (2003).

In the year 1637, the first Philippine Newsletter was published - the “Successos Felices” (Fortunate Events) of Tomas Pinpin, the father of Filipino printing. Aside from Pinpin’s one-shot fling at journalism, the “Hojas Volantes” (Flying sheets) or Spaniards’ notice to the public, were widely distributed in the country for mass readership.

---The correct answer is: Review of Literature

Questions:

1. In the resume, where does the information number 6 fall under?

---The correct answer is: List of key skills

2. In the resume, where does the information number 5 fall under?

---The correct answer is: Educational qualifications

3. In the resume, where does the information number 3 fall under?

---The correct answer is: Opening Statement

4. In the resume, where does information number 4 fall under?

---The correct answer is: Personal attributes/career overview

5. In the resume, where does information number 2 fall under?

---The correct answer is: Contact details

Questions:

1. What question does the following passage in the sample book review answer:

"The language Tolkien uses (and he was a British professor of linguistics and philology), the aforementioned epic scales of storyline, the incredibly diverse cultural background behind the novel—its characters, plot, described events—this and many other factors make reading the trilogy rather an intellectual than entertaining occupation."

---The correct answer is: Does the way a character speaks help you to understand how that character thinks and feels? If so, how?

2. What question does the following passage in the sample book review answer:

"And the books are indeed full of awe-inspiring moments; here are just a few of them: the first fight with the Nazguls; the battle with the ancient demon in desolated Moria and Gandalf’s disappearance; the death of Boromir (in my opinion, one of the most tragic moments in world literature of the 20th century); the resurrection of Gandalf the White; the transformation of King Theoden; the siege of Helm’s Deep; the uprising of the ents and Saruman’s exile; recruiting of the undead army by Aragorn; the battle for Minas Tirith and the sortie to the Black Gate of Mordor; the defeat of the Witch-King of Angmar; the annihilation of the Ring; Aragorn’s marriage with Arwen and honors to the hobbits; finally, Frodo’s departure to the West.

---The correct answer is: What is the high point of the story? Why is this incident more important than the others?

3. What element does the following passage discuss in the passage from the sample book review:

"While working on the book, Tolkien invented at least two fully functional languages: Elven and Dwarven; he interpreted the Scandinavian myths (“The Saga of the Nibelungs“, in particular) and used them to create his own unique plot, world, and characters. The number of cultural and literary references used in “The Lord of the Rings” is enormous."

---The correct answer is: Dialogue

4. What element does the following passage discuss in the passage from the sample book review:

"The saga tells a story unfolding around The One Ring, created and lost by Sauron—an ancient demigod of the world of Middle Earth, and the main antagonist of the saga."

---The correct answer is: Plot

5. What element does the following passage discuss in the passage from the sample book review:

"It is almost impossible to say more about the plot, because at the end of the first book, it branches into multiple storylines."

---The correct answer is: Plot

Identify the part of the research report where the following passage falls:

The research is a quantitative research dealing with the computed numerical figures from analyzing each news story. Through this, the researchers analyzed each criterion that will determine the changes made in The Catalyst’s news stories over the years in terms of physical changes, as well as in content.

---The correct answer is: Limitations

Identify the part of the research report where the following passage falls:

The researchers have coded a total of 586 news stories from The Catalyst’s issues from the year 1986 to 2010. The table above shows that focus-wise, The Catalyst presented a substantial amount of news articles with miscellaneous issues taking up 26.97% of the total number of articles. As provided in the definition of news by Bangkok Post, there are miscellaneous stories which continually appear in the news section. In this study, these news articles are common stories within PUP which did not fall to any of the other categories.

---The correct answer is: Results

Identify the part of the research report where the following passage falls:

OFW parents could influence their children in either good or bad way. Children who have parents as overseas workers would be considered well-off in life because of the money, not to mention, dollars sent to them. But OFWs are willing to endure all the pains and sufferings of having their families away from them because in the end, they are recognized by the government and by every Filipino.

Because of this, former President Corazon Aquino acknowledged their sacrifices, efforts and contributions by referring to them as the modern heroes in the speech she gave last 1988 to a group of domestic helpers in Hong Kong.

In honor of the OFWs who kept our country’s economy afloat as well as their families’ lives, the Philippines celebrates December as the “Month of Overseas Filipino Workers”, to pay tribute to them.

---The correct answer is: Introduction

Questions:

1. What type of job application letter is given?

---The correct answer is: hardcopy

2. What position is the person applying for?

---The correct answer is: programmer

3. In what paragraph number did the applicant summarize his experiences?

---The correct answer is: 3

4. In what paragraph number did the applicant describe his/her skills?

---The correct answer is: 2

5. What is the name of the applicant?

---The correct answer is: John Donaldson

Questions:

1. What is the main goal/objective of the project proposal?

---The correct answer is: To identify and describe the monitoring of three common precursors and evaluate how accurate each monitoring is in predicting earthquakes.

2. What part of the project proposal does the following sentence fall under:

"Given that I can obtain all my sources for the literature review from the library, there is no appreciable cost associated with performing this literature review. The only costs, which will be minor, are for copying articles, printing the review, and spiral binding the review. I estimate that I can do these tasks for under $10."

---The correct answer is: Budget

3. What part of the project proposal does the following sentence fall under:

"I am a senior in the Geological Engineering Department at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. In my undergraduate courses I have taken rock mechanics, soil mechanics, geophysics, and stratigraphy, all of which have included the principles of seismology and stress-strain relationships."

---The correct answer is: Preparation

4. What part of the project proposal does the following sentence fall under:

"Because I already possess several books and articles on earthquake prediction, most of my time will be spent sifting through the information, finding the key results, and presenting those results to the audience."

---The correct answer is: Resources

5. What part of the project proposal does the following sentence fall under:

"A secondary audience for the review would be non-technical readers who either live in earthquake-prone areas or are affected financially when earthquakes occur."

---The correct answer is: Significance

Fourth Quarter Exam (Reading and Writing Skills)

Match the term to its description.

---The correct answer is:

Identifying the main ideas and supporting details to support the claim. - [Outlining and Summarizing]

Acknowledging the differences between personal existing values and attitude and the author's perspective. [Contextualizing]

Done to get an initial understanding of the text. [Previewing]

Consult related readings in order to learn how to approach the same topic in different ways. [Compare and Contrast]

An idea, an opinion, a judgment or a point of view that the writer wants you to accept. [Claim]

This consists of reasons and evidence that will prove to the readers that the conclusion presented is worth accepting. [Support]

Newer knowledge is obtained through this way of learning as this is the key to understanding the author's point of view. [Asking questions]

Weighing in on the consistency of claims and support. [Evaluation]

The reader must be able to track the pattern in the author's thoughts and presentation of his/her own beliefs. [Reflecting on challenges to beliefs and values]

_______ the material enables the reader to grasp the organization and the content of the text in the shortest possible time. [Skimming]

Assertions that are based on facts and has to be proven by reliable proofs. [Opinion]

An assertion that relies on personal choice. [Preference]

Claims made to rebut a previous claim. [Counterclaim]

The part of a literary review that emphasizes the main point of the review. [Conclusion]

The part of a research report that states the significance of the research. [Introduction]

This includes the instrument used in the research. [Methods]

A part of the project proposal that states what the project will produce. [Deliverables]

The part of the project proposal that states what makes the project unique. [Implementation Issues and Challenges]

This part of the project proposal explains what the project wants to achieve. [Project Summary]

This part of the project proposal explains the problem and what makes it interesting. [Motivation]

In which element does the following questions fall?

---The correct answer is:

Is the author's claim objective? [Topic and Position]

From what perspective did the author write the text? [Style]

Is the information arranged according to the content, by the author's argument or by the needs of the audience? [Organization]

Which of the references elicits further discussion? [Research/Sources]

Where is the text found? [Audience]

Does the text mean to persuade? [Purpose/Context]

Are the sources credible? [Proof/Evidence]

Which of the evidence carries the more weight? [Proof/Evidence]

How is the information arranged in the text? [Organization]

What can you infer from the writer's choice of words? [Style]

Questions:

1. Which of the following is the overall claim of the given essay?

---The correct answer is: Despite all the joy that video games can bring to children and teenagers, ...

2. Which of the following information does not support the claim?

---The correct answer is: Video games use their characters in the games ...

3. What is the overall conclusion of the essay?

---The correct answer is: Video games is not suitable for children and teenagers

4. Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the essay?

---The correct answer is: Video games help players improve social skills and reflexes

5. Which of the following is correct according to the essay?

---The correct answer is: Video games offer simplified and conditional models of environments and people.

Questions:

1. Which of the following is the overall claim of the given essay?

---The correct answer is: Death penalty is an unfair and rather ineffective ...

2. Which of the following information does not support the claim?

---The correct answer is: Death penalty can be overturned.

3. What is the overall conclusion of the essay?

---The correct answer is: Death penalty can hardly be called ...

4. Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the essay?

---The correct answer is: These has been numerous evidence ...

5. What is the stand of the author in the imposing of death penalty?

---The correct answer is: He/she is against it.

Questions:

1. Which of the following is the overall claim of the given essay?

---The correct answer is: Romeo and Juliet's love story is dysfunctional.

2. Which of the following information does not support the claim?

---The correct answer is: Romeo has immediately set his eyes on Juliet...

3. What is the overall conclusion of the essay?

---The correct answer is: It is important to learn to distinguish love from ...

4. Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the essay?

---The correct answer is: Romeo and Juliet's love progressed swiftly and carefully ...

5. Which of the following is correct according to the essay?

---The correct answer is: William Shakespeare did not mean for his characters to be idyllic.

Questions:

1. Which of the following is the overall claim of the given essay?

---The correct answer is: Many arguments in favor of the usage ...

2. Which of the following information does not support the claim?

---The correct answer is: Tests help see the bias of teachers ...

3. What is the overall conclusion of the essay?

---The correct answer is: Improvements must be made in the distribution ...

4. Which of the following statements is incorrect according to the essay?

---The correct answer is: Most of the time, standardized tests encourage ...

5. What is the stand of the author in this argument?

---The correct answer is: He/she weighs in on both advantages and disadvantages ...