This course reviews and expands upon core topics in probability and statistics through the study and practice of data analysis.
A population can be small or large, as long as it includes all the data you are interested in.
-True
If you are using interval or ratio scales you use _________________________________.
-. Parametric Test
Non parametric tests are used when your data is normal
-False
Parametric type of test.
-ANOVA test
Measures of spread are ways of summarizing a group of data by describing how spread out the scores are
-True
Analysis should reflect the design, and so a matched design should be followed by a matched analysis.
-True
Uses non parametric scale
-Ordinal
Non-parametric tests are "distribution-free" and, as such, can be used for non-Normal variables
-True
If your measurement scale is nominal or ordinal then you use ______________________________.
-Non Parametric Test
With this test, you also estimate the population median and compare it to a reference/target value.
-1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test
If your measurement scale is nominal or ordinal then you use ______________________________.
-Non Parametric Test
Parametric tests have no statistical power
-False
Valid for both non-Normally distributed data and Normally distributed data
-Non Parametric Test
Those that make assumptions about the parameters of the population distribution from which the sample is drawn
- Parametric Test
The intent is to determine whether there is enough evidence to "reject" a conjecture or hypothesis about the process. The conjecture is called the ______________________.
-Null
Analysis should reflect the design, and so a matched design should be followed by a matched analysis.
-False
If you are using interval or ratio scales you use _________________________________.
-Parametric Test
Uses parametric scale
-Interval
Non-parametric tests are "distribution-free" and, as such, can be used for non-Normal variables
-True
Parametric tests can provide trustworthy results with distributions that are skewed and nonnormal
-True
Non Parametric tests can provide trustworthy results when the groups have different amounts of variability
-False
Parametric type of test
-ANOVA Test
The t-statistic rests on the underlying assumption that there is the normal distribution of variable and the mean in known or assumed to be known.
-True
ses non parametric scale
-Ordinal
Non parametric tests are used when your data is normal
-False
Parametric tests have no statistical power
-False
It provides a mechanism for making quantitative decisions about a process or processes.
-Statistical Test
The parametric test is the hypothesis test which provides generalizations for making statements about the mean of the parent population.
-True
Parametric test is mainly based on differences in medians
-False
What other solution can you do to compute for the average of the scores?
-=SUM()/COUNT()
What is the mode of the scores of the subject Social Science?
- 2
What is the mode of the scores of the subject Mathematics?
- 6
What is the average of scores of the subject Mathematics?
- 5
What is the average of scores of the subject Social Science?
- 2.6
What is the median of the scores of the subject Science?
- 3
What is the mode of the scores of the subject Mathematics?
- 6
What function is use to compute for the average in Excel?
-=AVERAGE()
What is the median of the scores of the subject Language?
- 2.5
Procedure:
Enter data in A3:B7 the color of 5nips and their total.
Question:
What are the variables of the activity?
-Color and Number of M&Ms/Nips
What is the formula for variance?
Procedure:
Enter the following fomula:
B9: =average(B3:B7)
B10: =count(B3:B7)
Question:
What does this line does? average(B3:B7)
-Get the mean of the scores
Pocedure:
Enter the following formula:
C3: = B3-$B$9
Copy the formula up to C7.
Question:
What is purpose of the $?
-Absolute Reference
What is the equivalent of the formula given in the variance formula?
Procedure
Enter the following formula:
D9: =sum(D3:D7) then
B12: =D9/(B10-1)
Question:
What are your expected outputs in this number?
-Get the summation
Procedure:
Enter the following formula:
B13: =sqrt(B12)
Question:
What does the formula computed?
-Standard Deviation
Pocedure:
By now, you should have completed your table. For excel shortcuts:
A14: =min(B3:B7)
A15: =max(B3:B7)
A16: =mode(B3:B7)
A17: =median(B3:B7)
A18: =var(B3:B7)
A19: =stdev(B3:B7)
Question:
What is the shortcut for getting the variance?
-=var(B3:B7)
What is the shortcut for getting the standard deviation?
-=stdev(B3:B7
Identify what branch of statistics focus on the measures of central tendency and dispersion.
-Descriptive Statistics
Distributions cannot be displayed using percentages
-False
Descriptive Statistics can be used to highlight potential relationships between variables.
-True
What is the median of the scores of the subject Language?
- 2.5
What is the median of the scores of the subject Science?
- 3
Every time you try to describe a large set of observations with a single indicator you run the risk of distorting the original data or losing important detail.
-True
With descriptive statistics you are simply ________________ what is or what the data shows
-Describing
Variance is a square of average distance between each quantity and mean.
-True
It gives an indication of how close an individual observation clusters about the mean value
-Variance
It is defined as the middle of a distribution in a ranked data
-Median
If a researcher aims to find the average height of a tribe in Columbia, the variable would simply be __________________ in the sample.
- The height of the person
It has the highest level of measurements.
-Ratio
When the number of units in a population are uncountable, and so it is impossible to observe all the items of the universe
-Infinite
It aims to describe various aspects of the data obtained in the study
-Descriptive Statistics
Which is not a level of measurement?
-Proportion
Compute the frequency of all nominal variables using what formula?
-=COUNTIF()
It varies according to changes in other variables.
-Dependent Variable
Classify the level of measurement it belongs: Score in IQ Test
-Interval
All measurements contain some uncertainty and error, and statistical methods help us quantify and characterize this uncertainty.
-True
Classify the level of measurement it belongs: Gender
-Nomial
It is the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical information from data.
-Statics
It refers to the relationship among the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable.
-Level of Measurements
The statistics are presented in a indefinite form so they also help in condensing the data into important figures.
-False
variables can be defined in terms of measurable factors through a process of _______________________________.
-Operationalization
Numbers can be also used to order.
-True
The independent variables are called as predicator variable because independent variables predict or forecast the values of the dependent variable in the model.
-True
Nominal is hardly measurement. It refers to quantity more than quality.
-False
The concept of measurement has been developed in conjunction with the concepts of numbers and units of measurement
-True
It involves the application of specific statistical techniques to disciplines in biology such as population genetics, epidemiology and public health.
-Biostatistics
Sex or Gender is classified under what level of measurement?
-Nomial
These are the two main branches of statistics
-Descriptive and Inferential
Which is not a level of measurement in Statistics?
- Proportion
It is a branch of science that deals with the collection, organization, analysis of data and drawing of inferences from the samples to the whole population.
-Statistics
Statistics help predicts the future course of action of the phenomena.
-Forecasting
One disadvantage of the mean is that a small number of extreme values can distort its value.
-True
Data collection used for a population.
-Census
It has an absolute zero.
-Ratio
It is often based on statements of statistical significance and probability.
-Modern Science
It does not only classify and order the measurements, but it also specifies that the distances between each interval on the scale are equivalent along the scale from low interval to high interval.
-Interval